漏電起痕試驗儀，電痕指數(shù)測試儀

漏電起痕試驗儀由北京北廣精儀儀器設備有限公司按照國標（GB4207、IEC60112）精密生產。售出后并有專業(yè)工程師上門培訓調試。直到客戶了解儀器為止。
本產品名稱：漏電起痕試驗儀，耐漏電起痕試驗儀，相比漏電起痕指數(shù) （或稱相對漏電起痕指數(shù)）。型號：BDH   適用標準有：GB/T4207、GB4706.1 ASTM D 3638-92、IEC60112 、UL746A

需要請致電詳談：北京北廣精儀儀器設備有限公司

一、本儀器技術參數(shù)：

1、空氣環(huán)境：0~40°C；
2、相對濕度：≤80%；
3、無明顯振動及腐蝕性氣體的場所；
4、工作電壓：AC220V±2% 50HZ±1%，1KVA；
5、試驗電壓：100~600V連續(xù)可調數(shù)顯，電壓表顯示值zui大誤差：1.5%，顯示值為:r.m.s；
6、延時電路：試驗回路在（0.5±10%）A（r.m.s）或更大電流時延時（2±10%）S后動作；
7、電極：
a: 5㎜×2㎜矩形鉑金電極和黃銅電極各一對；
b: 電極符合IEC60112的尺寸要求：（5±0.1）㎜×（2±0.1）㎜×（≥12）㎜,其中一端鑿尖角度為（30±2）°（即試驗端呈30°±2°斜角）,鑿尖平面寬度為0.01㎜~0.1㎜；
c: 電極間所成角度為60°±5°,間距為（4±0.1㎜）；
d: 對樣品壓力為:1.00N±0.05N；
8、滴液系統(tǒng)：
a: （30±5）秒（開啟滴液時間28S+開啟滴液持續(xù)時間2S）自動計數(shù)、數(shù)顯（可預置），50滴時間：（24.5±2）min;
b: 滴液針嘴到樣品表面高度:35㎜±5㎜（附一個量規(guī)作測量參考）;
c: 滴液重量:20滴:0.380g~0.489g;50滴:0.997g~1.147g;
9、短路電流：兩電極短路時的電流可調至（1±0.1）A,數(shù)顯±1%,電流表顯示值為有效值（r.m.s）;
10、儀器外形尺寸（寬*高*深）：1100*1150*550㎜（0.5立方）；
1：700*385*1000㎜（0.1立方）；
箱體由1.2厚的304不銹鋼板制成，可訂制0.75立方；
11、樣品支撐平板：厚度≥4㎜的玻璃；
12、針嘴外徑：A溶液：0.9㎜~1.2㎜
B溶液: 0.9㎜~3.45㎜
滴液大小根據(jù)滴液系統(tǒng)而定；
13、風速：0.2M/S。

二、本儀器主要用途：

漏電起痕試驗儀適用于照明設備、低壓電器、家用電器、機床電器、電機、電動工具、電子儀器、電工儀表、信息技術設備的研究、生產和質檢部門，也適用于絕緣材料、工程塑料、電氣連接件、輔件行業(yè)。

三、漏電起痕試驗儀：

1.工作電源:AC220V±5[%] 50HZ±1[%],1KVA；
2.試驗電壓: 100~600V連續(xù)可調數(shù)顯；
3.延時電路:試驗回路在0.5A或更大電流時延時2秒后動作；
4.電極:5mmX2mm矩形鉑金電極和黃銅材料各一對,每個電極對試樣的壓力可調整（1N±0.05N）；
5.兩電極間距4±0.1mm;
6.滴液間隔:30±5秒（開啟滴液時間28S+開啟滴液持續(xù)時間2S） 自動計數(shù) 、數(shù)顯（可預置）；
7.短路電流:兩電極短路時的電流可調至1±0.1A,數(shù)顯±1[%]；
8.操作箱體積:0.1立方、0.5立方、0.75立方。

四、本儀器特點：

CTI是判斷絕緣材料相比電痕化指數(shù)，滿足DIN EN60112標準。 CTI模擬跟蹤絕緣材料間通過兩電極間滴液的電流。通常使用的絕緣材料可能暴露在潮濕或者有塵埃的環(huán)境中，如果在傳導的情況下，可能引起重壓或者火災的危險。本部分滿足DIN EN 60 112 / IEC 60 112 / 或者 VDE 0303 *部分。 測試滿足KA方法 （滴落物的數(shù)量 / 爬行者通道深度）和KA方法（直到第50滴滴液的電壓）。 CTI 和 PTI值將能夠確定。 組合允許進行微調測試電壓、測試電流、開關時間、滴液大小和滴落數(shù)量。

五、本儀器需要注意的事項：

1、在操作過程中，人員應該注意個人防護，避免漏電受傷或被溶液沾染到口、眼部位造成傷害
2、輸入電源AC220±2%。
3、排氣管應通出窗外。
4、在對樣品進行時,請勿打開倉門,待試驗完之后或當實驗失效產生火煙時，先打開風扇排除煙霧后，再打開倉門進行作業(yè)。
5、實驗前須確認設備是否在計量有效期內，如超期則不能進行實驗
6、電源應用有地線的三極插座，保證接地可靠。

六、試驗原理：

在固體絕緣材料表面上，在規(guī)定尺寸（2mm×5mm） 的鉑電極之間，-施加某一電壓并定時（30s）定高度（35mm）滴下規(guī)定液滴體積的導電液體（0.1%NH 4CL），用以評價固體絕緣材料表面在電場和潮濕或污染介質聯(lián)合作用下的耐漏電性能，測定其相比電痕化指數(shù)（CT1） 和耐電痕化指數(shù)（PT1） 。

七、試驗目的：

耐漏電起痕試驗主要是模擬家用電器產品在實際使用中不同極性帶電部件在絕緣材料表面沉積的導電物質是否引起絕緣材料表面爬電、擊穿短路和起火危險而進行的檢驗。電器產品在使用過程中，由于環(huán)境的枵染導致絕緣材料表面有污物、潮氣而產生漏電，由此誘發(fā)的腐蝕而損壞絕緣性能。本標準所規(guī)定的試驗是一種模擬極惡劣條件的加速試驗以檢驗絕緣材料是否會形成漏電痕跡，從而能在短時間內區(qū)別固體絕緣材料抗漏電起痕的能力，保證產品在特定環(huán)境條件下的使用安全。

其他附加介紹：

漏電起痕（Tracking）：固體絕緣材料表面在電場和電解液的聯(lián)合作用下逐漸形成導電通路的過程。

耐漏電起痕指數(shù) Proof Tracking Index（ PTI ）：材料表面在30秒一滴速率下經受住50滴電解液的作用后形成*性導電炭通路所需的電壓，以V表示。

聚合物絕緣材料有著特殊的電氣破壞現(xiàn)象，即聚合物絕緣材料表面在特定的條件下會發(fā)生電痕劣化現(xiàn)象，并且可以導致電痕破壞。電痕破壞是指當材料表面存在潮濕與污穢、電場足夠大時，表面將有漏電流產生，在電流的焦耳熱作用下，水分被蒸發(fā)，隨著材料表面液膜的分離形成的縫隙（稱為干燥帶），在干燥帶形成瞬間液膜間場強達到放電場強而導致放電，放電產生的熱量使材料表面局部碳化，由于碳化生成物的導電率高，此處的電場密度集中于該碳化部分，引起放電的重復發(fā)生，在其周圍產生更多的碳化物，形成碳化導電路，并向電極方向伸展，zui終導致短路。

試樣厚度
GB/T4207-2003規(guī)定，試樣厚度不得小于3 mm，因為通常情況下試樣下的墊塊是玻璃或鋼板，由于試驗時電離NH4Cl溶液會產生大量的熱量，在試樣必須耐受熱量的情況下，如果試樣過薄試樣上的熱量就會很快傳遞掉，就起不到試樣耐受電離NH4Cl溶液的作用。因此在試驗時應保證試樣厚度不小于3 mm，應采用同材質的試樣疊加的方式，使試樣厚度不小于3 mm。同時疊加的試樣尺寸應盡可能*。

蒸餾水或去離子水的電阻率
GB/T4207-2003中規(guī)定用蒸餾水或去離子水調制NH4Cl溶液，使溶液的電阻率達到（395±5）歐·cm。但標準中未規(guī)定蒸餾水或去離子水的電阻率。筆者在*的試驗中得出，蒸餾水或去離子水的電阻率會影響驗結果，使試驗結果電壓降低。因為蒸餾水或去離子水的電阻率較低，就意味著蒸餾水或去離子水中似含有可忽視的離子，這些雜質離子會影響配成的NH4Cl溶液中的NH4+和Cl-，甚至加速了NH4Cl溶液的電離。蒸餾水或去離子水的電阻率越高，蒸餾水或去離子水中所含的雜質離子就越少，對試驗結果的影響就越小。從筆者大量的實驗結果來看，蒸餾水或去離子水的電阻率應不小于10 M歐·cm，以此控制蒸餾水或去離子水中雜質離子對試驗結果的影響。

試驗短路電流的設定
GB/T4207-2003規(guī)定，試驗前應將試驗短路電流設定為1 A。那么這里可能出現(xiàn)兩種情況：
（1）不同的試驗電壓只設定一次短路電流；
（2）每種試驗電壓單獨設定短路電流。對于不同的試驗電壓只設定一次短路電流，例如，試驗電壓為200 V，短路電流設為1 A，再將試驗電壓升高到300 V時，然后驗證短路電流，可發(fā)現(xiàn)電流超過1 A。如果將試驗電壓降低到150 V時，驗證短路電流，會發(fā)現(xiàn)電流不到1 A。因此為保證試驗符合標準的要求，每調整一次試驗電壓，均應再次調整短路電流。

液滴量大小的控制
GB/T4207-2003中規(guī)定的液滴量的大小應控制在44滴/毫升~45滴/毫升。在試驗中，滴數(shù)可通過液滴計數(shù)器控制，那么怎樣確定44滴~45滴是1 mL呢？筆者總結了一個簡易而有效的方法。由于NH4Cl溶液的百分比濃度為0.1%，NH4Cl的量很小，那么可將溶液的密度定為1 g/mL。將溶液注入滴液器中，用一小容器，先稱取空容器的重量，然后將小容器置于滴液器下，以容納液滴。啟動儀器，滴出NH4Cl溶液44滴~45滴，再稱取小容器的重量。兩次稱量相減后就可以得出44滴~45滴液滴的重量。如果重量是1 g，就說明44滴~45滴溶液是1 ml；如果超過1 g，就說明液滴量過大，應調整液滴量延時器；如果小于1 g，就說明液滴量過小，也應調整液滴量延時器。這樣就可以保證液滴量的大小符合標準要求。

電極的清潔
GB/T4207-2003規(guī)定：試驗后應對電極進行清潔。這就是說每做一次試驗以后，均應對電極進行清潔，無論是同一電壓下還是在不同電壓下。清潔可以使用清潔劑，也可以用酒精等進行清洗，但不得使用有腐蝕性的清潔劑。清洗后，應用配制NH4Cl溶液用的去離子水或蒸餾水沖洗如果試驗時試樣發(fā)生燃燒，使得鉑電極熔融，那么應及時對電極進行修整。修整時可用1 200目以上的砂紙對燒蝕的部分輕輕打磨，以除去燒蝕的痕跡。打磨時應十分小心，不能改變電極的輪廓，應保持電極刃的角度R不變，不能使電極刃口變圓柱面，仍應保持尖的狀態(tài)，但不得變鋒利。

Tracking tester by Beijing North Canton Precision Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd. in accordance with the national standard （GB4207, IEC60112） precision production, instrument quality, impeccable. After the sale and a professional engineer onsite training debugging. Until the client to understand the instrument so far.
The product name: Tracking tester, resistance to tracking tester, comparative tracking index （or called comparative tracking index）. Model: BDH Applicable standards: GB/T4207, GB4706.1 ASTM D 3638-92, IEC60112, UL746A

Need to go into the details, please call: Beijing North Canton Precision Instrument Co., Ltd.

First, the technical parameters of the instrument:

1, the air environment: 0 ~ 40 ° C;
2, relative humidity: ≤ 80%;
3, no vibration and corrosive gases;
4, Working voltage: AC220V ± 2% 50HZ ± 1%, 1KVA;
5, the test voltage: 100 ~ 600V continuously adjustable digital display, voltage table shows the maximum error: 1.5%, the displayed value: rms;
6, the delay circuit: test circuit in （0.5 ± 10%） A （rms） or greater current delay （2 ± 10%） S after the action;
7, the electrode:
a: 5 mm × 2 mm rectangular platinum electrodes and brass electrodes of one pair;
b: IEC60112 electrodes meet the dimensional requirements: （5 ± 0.1） mm × （2 ± 0.1） mm × （≥ 12） mm, one end of the chisel tip angle of （30 ± 2） ° （ie test side was 30 ° ± 2 ° angle）, flat chisel tip width of 0.01 mm to 0.1 mm;
c: the angle formed between the electrodes of 60 ° ± 5 °, a pitch of （4 ± 0.1 mm）;
d: the sample pressure: 1.00N ± 0.05N;
8, drip systems:
a: （30 ± 5） seconds （open drip drip time 28S + open duration 2S） automatic counting, digital display （can be preset）, 50 drops of time: （24.5 ± 2） min;
b: drip needle tip to the sample surface height: 35 mm ± 5 mm （attach a gauge for measuring the reference）;
c: Drip Weight: 20 drops: 0.380g ~ 0.489g; 50 drops: 0.997g ~ 1.147g;
9, short-circuit current: two electrodes short-circuit current is adjustable to （1 ± 0.1） A, digital display ± 1%, RMS current meter display value （rms）;
10 Instrument Dimensions （W * H * D）: 1100 * 1150 * 550 mm （0.5 cubic meters）;
1:700 * 385 * 1000 mm （0.1 cubic meters）;
Case from 1.2 thick 304 stainless steel, can be customized 0.75 cubic meters;
11, the sample support plate: thickness ≥ 4 mm glass;
12, needle diameter: A solution: 0.9 mm to 1.2 mm
Solution B: 0.9 mm to 3.45 mm
Droplet size may be under the drip system;
13, wind speed: 0.2M / S.

Second, the main purpose of this instrument:

Tracking test apparatus for lighting equipment, low voltage electrical appliances, household appliances, electrical machines, motors, power tools, electronic equipment, electrical instruments, information technology equipment, research, production and quality control departments, but also for insulation, plastic , electrical connectors, accessories and parts industry.

Third, tracking tester:

1 Power Supply: AC220V ± 5 [%] 50HZ ± 1 [%], 1KVA;
（2） Test voltage: 100 ~ 600V continuously adjustable digital display;
3 delay circuit: Test circuit current at 0.5A or greater delay 2 seconds after the action;
4 Electrode: 5mmX2mm rectangular brass platinum electrodes and each one pair of each electrode on the sample pressure adjustable （1N ± 0.05N）;
5 two electrode spacing 4 ± 0.1mm;
6 Drip interval: 30 ± 5 sec （open drip drip time 28S + open duration 2S） automatic counting, digital display （can be preset）;
7 Short circuit current: two electrodes short-circuit current is adjustable to 1 ± 0.1A, digital display ± 1 [%];
8 Operation box volume: 0.1 cubic meters, 0.5 cubic meters, 0.75 cubic meters.

Fourth, this instrument features:

CTI is compared to determine the insulation material tracking index, meets DIN EN60112 standards. CTI tracing simulation by an insulating material between two electrodes of the current drops. Usually the insulating material may be exposed to a humid environment or the dust, if the transmission case, it may cause a fire hazard, or stress. This section meets DIN EN 60 112 / IEC 60 112 / VDE 0303 or the first part. Test methods to meet the KA （drip quantity / Crawler channel depth） and KA methods （50 drops of liquid until the voltage）. CTI and PTI values ??will be able to determine. Combination allows for fine-tuning the test voltage, test current, the switching time, the size and drip drip quantity.

Fifth, the instrument needs to pay attention to:

1, during operation, personnel should pay attention to personal protection, to avoid leakage injured or contaminated solution to the mouth, eye damage parts
2, the input power supply AC220 ± 2%.
3, the exhaust pipe should pass out of the window.
4, in the sample, do not open the doors, to be tested after completing the experimental failure or when the fire generated smoke, first turn on the fan exclude smoke, then open the doors for the job.
5, before the experiment required to confirm whether the device is in the measurement period, such experiments can not be extended
6, power supply applications with ground three pole socket, to ensure reliable grounding.

Six, Test principle:

On the surface of the solid insulating material, the required size （2mm × 5mm） between platinum electrodes, - applying a voltage and a time （30s） given height （35mm） drop required volume of conductive liquid droplet （0.1% NH 4CL） to evaluate the solid insulating material surface in wet or contaminated medium electric and combined effects of the anti-leakage performance, measured comparative tracking index （CT1） and the proof tracking index （PT1）.

Seven, test purposes:

Proof tracking test is to simulate the actual use of household products in the live parts of different polarity in the insulating material is deposited on the surface of a conductive material caused by insulation material surface creepage breakdown short circuit and fire hazard testing carried out. Electrical products in use, due to environmental causes dye hollow of a tree surface of insulating material with dirt, moisture and the leakage, thereby inducing the corrosion damage the insulation properties. Tests specified in this standard is an extremely harsh conditions simulated acceleration tests to verify whether the formation of an insulating material signs of leakage, which can distinguish solid insulating materials in a short anti-tracking ability, to ensure that products in certain environmental conditions safe use.

Other additional description:

Tracking （Tracking）: solid insulating material surface and the electrolyte in the electric field under the combined effects of the gradual process of forming a conductive path.

Proof Tracking Index Proof Tracking Index （PTI）: In 30 seconds the material surface to withstand a drop rate of 50 drops of the role of the electrolyte to form a permanent conductive carbon path required voltage to V represents.

Polymeric electrically insulating material has a special destruction phenomenon that polymeric insulating material surface may occur under certain conditions-tracking degradation phenomenon, and can lead to damage to tracking. Tracking damage is present on the surface when the material is wet and dirty, the electric field is large enough, the surface leakage current will be generated, when the current under the action of Joule heat, water is evaporated, the separation film surface with a gap formed （called the drying belt）, the drying belt to instantaneous field strength between the film reaches the discharge field strength which causes discharge, the discharge surface of the heat generated by partial carbonization material, high conductivity of the carbonization product, where the electric field density is concentrated to the carbonization section, causing the repeated discharge, around which produce more carbides, carbonized conductive path is formed, extending in a direction to the electrodes, resulting in a short circuit.

Sample thickness
GB/T4207-2003 requirements, the specimen thickness of not less than 3 mm, as is usually the case that the sample pad under glass or steel, because the test ionization NH4Cl solution will produce a lot of heat, heat the sample must withstand case, if the sample on the sample is too thin will quickly transfer heat away, would not achieve the specimens withstand the effects of ionizing NH4Cl solution. Therefore, the test specimen should be to ensure thickness of not less than 3 mm, the sample should be used the same material superimposed manner, the sample thickness of not less than 3 mm. Meanwhile superimposed sample size should be as consistent.

Distilled or deionized water resistivity
GB/T4207-2003 specified in distilled or deionized water with a prepared solution of NH4Cl, the resistivity of the solution （395 ± 5） Au · cm. However, the standard does not specify distilled or deionized water resistivity. I obtained in the long term test, distilled or deionized water may affect the resistivity of experimental results, the results of the test voltage is reduced. Because distilled or deionized water resistivity is low, it means distilled or deionized water containing negligible like ions, these impurity ions affect dubbed NH4Cl solution NH4 + and Cl-, and even accelerated NH4Cl solution ionized. Distilled or deionized water, the higher the resistivity, distilled or deionized water contains less impurity ions, the impact on the test results is smaller. From the author of a large number of experimental results, distilled or deionized water resistivity of not less than 10 M Europe · cm, thereby controlling distilled or deionized water impurity ions on the test results.

Short-circuit current test set
GB/T4207-2003 provides short-circuit current test before the test should be set to 1 A. Well here there are two possibilities:
（A） different test voltage is only set once short-circuit current;
（2） be set individually for each test voltage short circuit current. For different test voltage is only set once short-circuit current, for example, the test voltage is 200 V, short-circuit current to 1 A, then the test voltage is increased to 300 V, and then verify that the short circuit current, can be found in the current exceeds 1 A. If the test voltage is reduced to 150 V, the validation circuit current, you will find current of less than 1 A. So as to ensure compliance testing standards, adjusted once each test voltage, short-circuit current should be adjusted again.

Droplet size control amount
GB/T4207-2003 predetermined amount of liquid droplets in the size should be controlled at 44 drops / ml to 45 drops / ml. In the experiment, the number of drops can be controlled by a droplet counter, then how to determine the 44 drops to 45 drops is 1 mL it? The author summarizes a simple and effective method. NH4Cl solution, the percentage concentration of 0.1%, NH4Cl amount is small, then the density of the solution can be set to 1 g / mL. The solution was poured into a dropping vessel, a small container with a first weight of the empty container weighed, and the small container in the drip device, to accommodate the droplets. Start the instrument, drop out of NH4Cl solution 44 drops to 45 drops, and then weighed small container weight. Subtract two weights can be drawn after 44 drops to 45 drops of liquid droplets weight. If the weight is 1 g, it shows 44 drops to 45 drops of the solution was 1 ml; if more than 1 g, it shows excessive droplets, droplet volume should be adjusted to delay; if less than 1 g, it shows the amount of droplets too small, the amount of liquid droplets can be adjusted delay. This ensures that the droplet size of the volume compliance.

Clean the electrodes
GB/T4207-2003 states: test response electrode for cleaning. This means that after each do a test, the electrodes should be cleaned, whether it is at the same voltage or different voltages. Cleaning can use detergents, alcohol, etc. can also be used for cleaning, but may not use abrasive cleaners. After cleaning, apply NH4Cl solution was prepared using deionized or distilled water if the test sample combustion occurs, making the platinum electrode melting, then the electrodes should be trimmed. Dressing available when more than 1200 mesh sandpaper lightly polished on the part of the ablation to remove traces of ablation. Polished should be very careful not to change the outline of the electrodes, the electrode should be kept constant angle R of the blade, does not change the cylindrical surface of the electrode edge, the state should remain sharp, but not sharpened.